Determining the Russian Offshore External Borders

Excerpt from Russian Petroleum Investor by Vladimir Baidashin

The question of fixing the Russian continental shelf external border arose after the Russian institute VNIIOkeanologiya using the icebreaker Russia conducted geological-geophysical research in 2007. The research zone encompassed the adjoining of the underwater Lomonosov Ridge with Laptev and East Siberian Sea shelves, substantiating the external border of the Russian continental shelf. During the work, arctic explorers in a bathyscaphe lowered to the ocean bottom near the North Pole, took ground samples and put there a Russian flag.

In September 2007, the Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) reported that, “Preliminary analysis of data obtained for a model of the earth’s crust allows confirmation that the structure of the Lomonosov ridge corresponds to world analogues of a continental crust and therefore is a part of the adjoining continental shelf of the Russian Federation.”

For 2008-2009, plans call for preparation of geological substantiation for the Russian application defining its continental shelf external border and carrying out of negotiations with Denmark, Canada and the US on delimitation of the continental shelf in Arctic regions. Then, in 2011, Russia plans to send the United Nations (UN) an expanded application for establishing an external border in the Arctic regions in connection with acknowledgement of the continental nature of the Lomonosov Ridge and Mendeleyev’s Elevation with their belonging to the extensions of Eastern Siberia. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs remarks that, from the legal point of view, Russia from the very beginning operated within the limits of the Convention on the Law of the Sea.

By estimations of experts, the increase in the area of the Russian continental shelf in Arctic regions outside a 200-mile zone can total 1.2 million square kilometers. Estimates of hydrocarbon resources in the territory are approximately 4.9 billion tons of conditional fuel.

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The Russian Ruble at the Iranian Oil Exchange

Exerpt from Russian Petroleum Investor

Earlier this year, a special oil exchange opened on the Iranian island of Kish in the Persian Gulf to trade oil, oil products and natural gas. In the opinion of experts, the Iranian experience in creating the exchange is especially interesting to Russia because, first, it begins exchange trade in oil and oil products; secondly, it is possible that in the near future there will be a new Iranian- Russian gas exchange.

Iran is the second country in the region on oil production after Saudi Arabia, extracting nearly 22 million tons of oil a year. However, because of rigid state regulation, it cannot take an appropriate place in the global market, despite a convenient geographical location. According to the Minister of Oil Gholam- Hossein Nozari, the purpose of creating an oil exchange is transformation of Iran from an oil-producing country to an important player in the global market of oil and oil products. “Our purpose is to make oil and oil products trade more transparent, to strengthen competition and to attract solid investors, to become a part of the global market not only in the sphere of oil extraction but also in the sphere of oil trade,” Nozari declared.

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Kazakhstan Introduces Major Changes in Subsoil Use Legislation

Kazakhstan Introduces Major Changes in Subsoil Use Legislation

Excerpt from Caspian Investor by Inna Gaiduk

Kazakh authorities have not limited themselves only to a victory in restructuring Kashagan ownership. At the beginning of February, Prime Minister Karim Masimov suggested to terminate contracts in which subsoil development companies have not executed obligations, with the deposits returning to the state. Experts have regarded this action as an attempt to return most of large production companies’ shares to state ownership, clearly reflecting the recent Russian approach. First, the Ministry of Finance suggested imposing taxation on mineral extraction, already applied for years in Russia. Then the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources lobbied for tax amendments introducing oil export customs duties by January 1, 2009, another analogy to the Russian legislation.

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The Complexities of Realizing the Shtokman Project

Excerpt from Russian Petroleum Investor

Both Total (France) and StatoilHydro (Norway) have no guarantee that they can put Shtokman reserves on their books, although Gazprom assures them there will be no problem. The participating companies intend to enter into discussions about the accepted role of each company in development of the first phase of Shtokman, specifying the realization of the project as well as the model of project finance. In addition, the discussions will consider the reserves balance at the deposit, the license for which belongs to Gazprom 100 percent owned affiliate Sevmorneftegaz. Is it possible for the foreign companies to put on their books reserves that are, in fact, virtual amounts? Gazprom remains the real owner of the reserves. In addition, Total and StatoilHydro will be compelled to discuss this issue not only with Gazprom, but also with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

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Gazprom Agrees to Buy Central Asian Gas at European Prices

Excerpt from Caspian Investor by Kent F. Moors, Ph.D., Contributing Editor

Gazprom announced an historic decision on March 11. The Russian natural gas giant has agreed to purchase Central Asian gas at “European prices” beginning in 2009. If the decision holds
up, it stands to place considerable control of Central Asian gas throughput to Europe in Russian hands, as well as create a significant problem for the Western-supported Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline designed to bypass Russia. One thing appears certain, however. This agreement once implemented will fundamentally change the regional gas export dynamics.

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Expected 2008 Changes in Subsoil Use Legislation

Excerpt from Russian Petroleum Investor by Inna Gaiduk

The Ministry of Natural Resources expects that the government will approve amendments to the "About Subsoil" law that will considerably expand opportunities to distribute licenses by competitions, including investment. In addition, the package of amendments presented to the government includes revisions toughening the performance requirements under license agreement conditions and also regulates the modification procedures for operating licenses. There is also a second block of amendments to the law that concern restrictions of foreign participation in development of strategic deposits, but currently that package is undergoing interdepartmental coordination. By the end of 2008, the government plans to consider amendments defining the calculation of the size of harm caused to the state by subsoil users, changes to the procedures on conducting tenders and auctions for subsoil use rights and also revisions to the definition of the bases as well as the manner of change and specifications for subsoil blocks.

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Enel Plans a Vertically Integrated Power Company in Russia

Excerpt from Russian Petroleum Investor by Sergei Chernyshov and Andrei Shlyapnikov

Having carried out in 2007 unprecedented purchase transactions of Russian natural gas production and electricity generating assets, the Italian company Enel has declared plans to use these assets as a foundation for a vertically integrated power company. This is a very bold move for a foreign enterprise during a period of scale transformations in the Russian energy sector. Enel's success will depend on negotiations with Gazprom, along with its own generosity and flexibility. To other foreign companies, such as E.ON, Fortum, RWE, Gaz de France and others, that have or are planning to purchase electrical power assets in Russia, the Enel example will indicate what is possible in the Russian market.

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